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CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION Very High Frequency Excessive distance between Shim starter motor toward Flywheel/Drive Whine Before Engine pinion gear and Flywheel/Drive Plate. Starts; Engine Starts OK. Plate gear. Very High Frequency Insufficient distance between Shim starter motor away from Whine After Engine Starts starter motor pinion gear and Flywheel/Drive Plate. Inspect With Ignition Key Flywheel/ Drive Plate runout Flywheel/Drive Plate for damage; bent, Released. Engine Starts can cause noise to be unusual wear, and excessive runout. OK. intermittent. Replace Flywheel/Drive Plate as necessary. A Loud “Whoop” After Probable cause is defective Replace starter motor. Engine Starts While Starter overrunning clutch. Motor is Engaged “Rumble”, “Growl”, or Probable cause is bent or Replace starter motor. “Knock” as Starter Motor unbalanced starter motor Coasts to Stop After armature. Engine Starts.

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Note instructions for disconnecting and connecting battery. Refer to Service Precautions. See: Service Precautions/Technician Safety Information – Disconnect battery ground wire and mask it. – Loosen the screws; remove the reinforcing pipe. – Remove cover (1) from fuel lines. – Unclip fuel lines (2) and line for reversing light (3) from bracket. 1997 BMW 328i (E36) L6-2793cc 2.8L DOHC (M52) – Unfasten nuts and remove cable. Installation: Note line routing. Tightening torque, refer to chart below – Unfasten screws from top and bottom of starter motor. If installed: – Unfasten nut (1) on support and remove starter. Installation: – - Check starter pinion and starter crown gear for damage. Dismantling and reassembling starter motor, refer to Disassembling and Assembling Starter Motor See: Disassembling and Assembling Starter Motor Component Torque Chart

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Starter Motor Removal WARNING: WHEN PERFORMING MAINTENANCE ON THE STARTING SYSTEM BE AWARE THAT HEAVY GAUGE LEADS ARE CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE BATTERY. MAKE SURE PROTECTIVE CAPS ARE IN PLACE WHEN MAINTENANCE IS COMPLETE. WARNING: THE ELECTRICAL POWER TO THE AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM MUST BE SHUT OFF PRIOR TO HOISTING, JACKING OR TOWING AN AIR SUSPENSION VEHICLE. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED BY TURNING OFF THE AIR SUSPENSION SWITCH LOCATED IN THE RH KICK PANEL AREA. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RESULT IN UNEXPECTED INFLATION OR DEFLATION OF THE AIR SPRINGS WHICH MAY RESULT IN SHIFTING OF THE VEHICLE DURING THESE OPERATIONS. 1. Disconnect the battery ground cable. 2. Raise and support the vehicle; refer to Section 100-02 . 3. Remove the starter motor solenoid terminal cover (11N087). 4. NOTE: The 4.6L engine is shown; the 5.4L engine is similar. Disconnect the starter motor electrical connections. 1. Remove the nuts. 2. Remove the battery cable. 3. Remove the starter solenoid wire. 5. NOTE: The 4.6L engine is shown; the 5.4L engine is similar. Remove the (A) starter motor ground cable nut and the (B) starter motor ground cable. 6. Remove the starter. 1. Remove the two bolts. 2. Remove the starter. Installation WARNING: WHEN PERFORMING MAINTENANCE ON THE STARTING SYSTEM BE AWARE THAT HEAVY GAUGE LEADS ARE CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE BATTERY. MAKE SURE PROTECTIVE CAPS ARE IN PLACE WHEN MAINTENANCE IS COMPLETE. 1. Install the starter motor. 1. Position the starter motor. 2. Install the two bolts. 2. NOTE: The 4.6L engine is shown; the 5.4L engine is similar. Connect the (A) starter motor ground cable and install the (B) starter motor ground cable nut. 3. NOTE: The 4.6L engine is shown; the 5.4L engine is similar. Connect the starter motor electrical connections. 1. Position the starter solenoid wire. 2. Position the battery cable. 3. Install the two nuts. 4. Install the starter motor solenoid terminal cover. 5. NOTE: If equipped with air suspension, reactivate the system by turning on the air suspension switch. Lower the vehicle. 6. NOTE: When the battery is disconnected and reconnected, some abnormal drive symptoms may occur while the vehicle relearns its adaptive strategy. The vehicle may need to be driven 16 km (10 mi) or more to relearn the strategy. Connect the battery ground cable.

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4Runner uses Nippondenso 4-brush, solenoid-actuated, reduction gear type starters, equipped with over-running clutches. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and springs in the starter Reduction gear type starters contain an integral solenoid attached to drive housing, a reduction idler gear and bearing installed into starter housing, and a clutch drive assembly. The clutch drive assembly is mounted to starter housing and is driven by the reduction idler gear from armature shaft. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and 4 springs in the end cover of field frame housing. Planetary gear type starters contain a clutch pinion drive assembly mounted in-line with armature shaft. The clutch pinion drive assembly is mounted onto drive end of planetary gear carrier shaft which is driven by armature shaft. The planetary gears increase torque from armature to turn clutch pinion drive assembly.

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WARNING: Deactivate air bag system before performing any service operation. For 1995 Supra, see AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM, for 1996 Supra, see AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM article in ACCESSORIES & EQUIPMENT. DESCRIPTION & OPERATION Supra uses Nippondenso 4-brush, solenoid-actuated, reduction gear type starters, equipped with over-running clutches. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and springs in the starter housing. Reduction gear type starters contain an integral solenoid attached to drive housing, a reduction idler gear and bearing installed into starter housing, and a clutch drive assembly. The clutch drive assembly is mounted to starter housing and is driven by the reduction idler gear from armature shaft. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and 4 springs in the end cover of field frame housing. Planetary gear type starters contain a clutch pinion drive assembly mounted in-line with armature shaft. The clutch pinion drive assembly is mounted onto drive end of planetary gear carrier shaft which is driven by armature shaft. The planetary gears increase torque from armature to turn clutch pinion drive assembly.