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Starter Motor Operation When the ignition switch is in the START position, battery voltage is supplied to the starter motor through the ignition switch. The plunger in the motor is pulled to the left by a magnetic force as indicated in the following diagrams, then the contact plate of the plunger allows battery voltage to be applied to the motor directly, and the starter motor rotates. When the engine is running and the ignition switch is returned to the ON position, the magnetic force required to pull the plunger in is removed and the plunger is returned to its resting position by the return spring in the starter motor. Battery voltage is no longer applied to the starter motor and the motor stops. Starting System Operation AT MODEL

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4Runner uses Nippondenso 4-brush, solenoid-actuated, reduction gear type starters, equipped with over-running clutches. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and springs in the starter Reduction gear type starters contain an integral solenoid attached to drive housing, a reduction idler gear and bearing installed into starter housing, and a clutch drive assembly. The clutch drive assembly is mounted to starter housing and is driven by the reduction idler gear from armature shaft. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and 4 springs in the end cover of field frame housing. Planetary gear type starters contain a clutch pinion drive assembly mounted in-line with armature shaft. The clutch pinion drive assembly is mounted onto drive end of planetary gear carrier shaft which is driven by armature shaft. The planetary gears increase torque from armature to turn clutch pinion drive assembly.

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WARNING: Deactivate air bag system before performing any service operation. For 1995 Supra, see AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM, for 1996 Supra, see AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEM article in ACCESSORIES & EQUIPMENT. DESCRIPTION & OPERATION Supra uses Nippondenso 4-brush, solenoid-actuated, reduction gear type starters, equipped with over-running clutches. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and springs in the starter housing. Reduction gear type starters contain an integral solenoid attached to drive housing, a reduction idler gear and bearing installed into starter housing, and a clutch drive assembly. The clutch drive assembly is mounted to starter housing and is driven by the reduction idler gear from armature shaft. The brush holder assembly retains 4 brushes and 4 springs in the end cover of field frame housing. Planetary gear type starters contain a clutch pinion drive assembly mounted in-line with armature shaft. The clutch pinion drive assembly is mounted onto drive end of planetary gear carrier shaft which is driven by armature shaft. The planetary gears increase torque from armature to turn clutch pinion drive assembly.

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The Mitsubishi generator uses 8 diodes to rectify current and 3 diodes to supply current to voltage regulator. Charging system voltage is controlled by a voltage regulator which is part of generator. Charging system incorporates an Electric Load Detector (ELD) which measures load on the charging system. ELD sends signal to ECM which controls the voltage regulator. Adjusting voltage needs allows ECM to reduce mechanical load on engine for better fuel economy. ADJUSTMENTS BELT ADJUSTMENT GENERATOR BELT TENSION SPECIFICATIONS Application New Belt Used Belt (1) Deflection is with 22 lbs. (10 kg) pressure applied midway on longest belt run. (2) Adjust belt to specification. Run engine for 5 minutes, then readjust belt to specifications for used belt. (3) Specification is for a used belt. Belt is considered

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Removal 1. Switch off ignition. Disconnect and cover battery negative terminal. See BATTERY DISCONNECT PROCEDURE under TROUBLE SHOOTING. 2. Remove screws (1) and remove cover (2). See Fig. 13 . 3. Remove intake hood (1). See Fig. 14 . Remove underbody protection. 4. Remove exhaust system. See EXHAUST SYSTEM . 5. Remove heat shield. Remove shift lever and cable. Detach rear drive shaft from transmission and tie back to one side. DO NOT let drive shaft fall into joints. Joints and rubber sleeve can be damaged. 6. Remove front drive shaft. See DRIVE AXLE SHAFTS & SEAL (FRONT, ALL WHEEL DRIVE) under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION in AXLE SHAFTS article. 7. Support transmission with Special Tool (00 2 030, 24 5 301 and 24 5 305). Remove screws and remove cross-member (1). See Fig. 15 . Lower transmission about 2 inches (5 cm). 8. If fitted, detach vacuum hoses (1 and 3) from vacuum tank (2) for exhaust flap fitted underneath starter motor. See Fig. 16 . Remove vacuum tank. 9. Unclip fuel line (1) from holders (2). See Fig. 17 . 10. Unlock plug (1) of crankshaft pulse generator and disconnect. See Fig. 18 .