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1995-96 STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMS Volkswagen Starters Cabrio, Golf III, GTI, Jetta III DESCRIPTION Starter is a brush type, series-wound electric motor with an overrunning clutch. Field frame is enclosed by commutator end frame and drive bushing, and carries pole shoes and field coils. A splined armature shaft drive end carries drive assembly. TROUBLE SHOOTING NOTE: ON-VEHICLE TESTING STARTER DOES NOT CRANK ENGINE 1) Ensure battery is fully charged. Ensure electrical and ground connections are clean and tight. With ignition switch in START position, measure voltage at spade terminal of starter solenoid. Reading should be at least 8 volts. If voltage is as specified, go to step 3). If voltage is not as specified, go to next step. 2) Measure voltage at ignition switch. If reading is at least 8 volts, check wiring between ignition switch and starter solenoid. If voltage is not as specified, replace ignition switch. 3) While operating starter, measure voltage at field (starter) terminal of starter solenoid. If reading is at least 8 volts, repair or replace starter. If reading is less than 8 volts, replace starter solenoid. NOTE: See TROUBLE SHOOTING article in GENERAL INFORMATION. On vehicles with automatic transmission, also check park/neutral switch. STARTER CRANKS TOO SLOWLY TO START ENGINE Ensure battery is fully charged. Ensure electrical and ground connections are clean and tight. If necessary, clean and tighten ground strap between transmission and body. DO NOT loosen ground strap on body. If starter still turns slowly, repair or replace starter. REMOVAL & INSTALLATION Removal & Installation 1) Disconnect negative battery cable. Support engine/transmission assembly with Support Beam (VW 10-222A) and Leg

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CAUTION: The torque converter must be replaced if a transmission failure resulted in large amounts of metal or fiber contamination in the fluid. The torque converter is a hydraulic device that couples the engine crankshaft to the transmission. The torque converter consists of an outer shell with an internal turbine (1), a stator (3), an overrunning clutch, an impeller (2), and an electronically applied converter clutch. The converter clutch provides reduced engine speed and greater fuel economy when engaged. Clutch engagement also provides reduced transmission fluid temperatures. The converter clutch engages in third through fifth gears. The torque converter hub drives the transmission oil (fluid) pump. See Fig. 267. A turbine damper (6) has been added for some applications to help improve vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics. The torque converter is a sealed, welded unit that is not repairable and is serviced as an assembly. IMPELLER

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CONDITION POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION Very High Frequency Excessive distance between Shim starter motor toward Flywheel/Drive Whine Before Engine pinion gear and Flywheel/Drive Plate. Starts; Engine Starts OK. Plate gear. Very High Frequency Insufficient distance between Shim starter motor away from Whine After Engine Starts starter motor pinion gear and Flywheel/Drive Plate. Inspect With Ignition Key Flywheel/ Drive Plate runout Flywheel/Drive Plate for damage; bent, Released. Engine Starts can cause noise to be unusual wear, and excessive runout. OK. intermittent. Replace Flywheel/Drive Plate as necessary. A Loud “Whoop” After Probable cause is defective Replace starter motor. Engine Starts While Starter overrunning clutch. Motor is Engaged “Rumble”, “Growl”, or Probable cause is bent or Replace starter motor. “Knock” as Starter Motor unbalanced starter motor Coasts to Stop After armature. Engine Starts.

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Before road testing, be sure the fluid level and control cable adjustments have been checked and adjusted if necessary. Verify that diagnostic trouble codes have been resolved.Observe engine performance during the road test. A poorly tuned engine will not allow accurate analysis of transmission operation. Operate the transmission in all gear ranges. Check for shift variations and engine flare, which indicates slippage. Note if shifts are harsh, spongy, delayed, early, or if part throttle downshifts are sensitive. Slippage indicated by engine flare, usually means clutch, band or overrunning clutch problems. If the condition is advanced, an overhaul will be necessary to restore normal operation. A slipping clutch or band can often be determined by comparing which internal units are applied in the various gear ranges. The Clutch and Band Application chart provides a basis for analyzing road test results. Note that the rear clutch is applied in all forward ranges (D, 2, 1). The transmission overrunning clutch is applied in first gear (D, 2 and 1 ranges) only. The rear band is applied in 1 and R range only. Note that the overdrive clutch is applied only in fourth gear and the overdrive direct clutch and overrunning clutch are applied in all ranges except fourth gear. For example: If slippage occurs in first gear in D and 2 range but not in 1 range, the transmission overrunning clutch is faulty. Similarly, if slippage occurs in any two forward gears, the rear clutch is slipping. Applying the same method of analysis, note that the front and rear clutches are applied simultaneously only in D range third and fourth gear. If the transmission slips in third gear, either the front clutch or the rear clutch is slipping. If the transmission slips in fourth gear but not in third gear, the overdrive clutch is slipping. By selecting another gear, which does not use these clutches, the slipping unit can be determined. For example, if the transmission also slips in Reverse, the front clutch is slipping. If the transmission does not slip in Reverse, the rear clutch is slipping.